Ukudityaniswa noLawulo
Yenza iinkqubo osele unazo ziziphathe njengenkqubo enye. Ngaphandle kokuzibuyisela, kwaye ngaphandle kwelinye ishumi leminyaka lee-script zendawo-ukuya-kwenye.
Ukudityaniswa kweenkqubo zeshishini kuyintoni
Ukudityaniswa kweenkqubo zeshishini sisenzo sokudibanisa iinkqubo zeshishini ezahlukeneyo (i-ERP, i-CRM, ezemali, indawo yokugcina, i-HR, ii-application ezijongene nabathengi) ukuze idatha kunye neziganeko zihambe phakathi kwazo ngokuzenzekelayo, ngefomathi echaziweyo, ngaphandle komntu okopisha nantoni na. Ukudityaniswa kwangoku kwenza oku nge-architecture eqhutywa ziziganeko kunye nomaleko we-API endaweni yokufikelela kwi-database ngqo okanye ukudluliswa kweefayile, ukuze inkqubo nganye ikwazi ukutshintsha ngaphakathi ngaphandle kokuqhekeza ezinye.
Ingxaki ye-middleware yakudala
Uninzi lwemibutho lufika kuthi enye ye-architecture ezimbini, kwaye zombini zisilela ngendlela efanayo.
Eyokuqala yi-point-to-point. Inkqubo nganye ithetha ngqo nayo nayiphi na enye inkqubo eyidingayo, ngeskripti, ukuthunyelwa kwangaphandle okucwangcisiweyo, unxibelelwano lwe-database okanye i-connector yomthengisi. Iyasebenza kwiinkqubo ezintathu zokuqala. Kwiinkqubo ezilishumi, kunokubakho ukuya kumashumi amane anesihlanu onxibelelwano olunokwenzeka, akukho mntu unoluhlu olupheleleyo lwezinto ezikhoyo, kwaye umntu owabhala isiqingatha sazo akasekho. Naluphi na utshintsho lungumngcipheko kuba akukho mntu unokuthi ngokuqiniseka ukuba yintoni exhomekeke kwinto etshintshwayo.
Eyesibini yi-enterprise service bus ephakathi eyathengwa ngeminyaka yoo-2010. I-topology icocekile, kodwa ibhasi iba yindawo engqongqo: i-logic yokuhambisa kunye nemithetho yeshishini iqokelelana ngaphakathi kwe-configuration ye-proprietary, ilayisensi ivuselelwa ngenani elingenakuchazwa mntu, utshintsho luma emgceni ngasemva kweqela elinye le-integration, kwaye i-roadmap yomthengisi iseta isantya sakho. Xa ibhasi ivaliwe, yonke into ivaliwe.
Zombini ii-architecture ziyasilela kuba zibophelela iinkqubo kunye. Isisombululo kukubophelela iinkqubo kwiiziganeko endaweni yoko, irekhodi eliqinileyo lento eyenzekileyo, elinokusetyenziswa nayiphi na inkqubo ngaphandle kokuba umshicileli azi okanye akhathalele ukuba ngubani ophulaphule.
Indawo-ukuya-kwenye ne-ESB ngokuchasene nokudityaniswa okuqhutywa ziziganeko
| Umlinganiselo | Indawo-ukuya-kwenye / i-ESB endala | I-architecture eqhutywa ziziganeko |
|---|---|---|
| Ukudibanisa | Iinkqubo ziyazana; utshintsho lusasazeka ngaphandle | Iinkqubo zipapasha kwaye zibhalise kwiziganeko; abapapashi ababazi abasebenzisi |
| Ukongeza inkqubo | Isidibanisi esitsha ngenkqubo nganye ekhoyo ekufuneka ifikelele kuyo | Ubhaliso olunye kwiziganeko ezifunekayo |
| Isimo sokusilela | Ukungasebenzi kwesantya sezantsi kuvimba okanye kulahle umyalezo | Iziganeko zomelele kwaye zingaphindwa; abasebenzisi bayafumana xa bebuya |
| Ukuphicothwa | Imeko iyakhiwa kwakhona kwiilog, ukuba zikho | Ilog yeziganeko lugxidi lophicotho, olunolandelelwano nokugcinwa |
| Ulawulo lotshintsho | Utshintsho lulinda ngasemva kweqela elinye lokudityaniswa | Amaqela anabasebenzisi bawo ngokuchasene nesivumelwano esipapashiweyo |
| Ubume beendleko | Ukuhlaziywa kwelayisenisi kunye nokwakha ngesidibanisi | Iziseko kunye nolawulo lweskema |
I-architecture eqhutywa ziziganeko kunye ne-Apache Kafka
Sakha umqolo wokudityaniswa phezu kwe-Apache Kafka. Iisistim zipapasha iziganeko zedomain (iodolo ibekiwe, intlawulo icinyiwe, irekhodi lomthengi litshintshile) kwizihloko ezihlala ixesha elide, ezicwangcisiweyo. Nantoni na ekufuneka iphendule iyabhalisa. Umshicileli akazi ukuba ngubani osebenzisa iziganeko zawo, kwaye leyo yeyona nto ikuvumela ukuba ongeze indawo yokugcina idatha, isixhobo sokunika ingxelo okanye i-application entsha ejongene nabathengi kamva ngaphandle kokuchukumisa isistim yerekhodi.
Iimpawu ezintathu zenza okhu kufanele ukufuduka. Iziganeko zihlala ixesha elide, ngoko ke umthengi ocinyiweyo okwiiyure ezimbini usebenza umsebenzi oshiyekileyo endaweni yokuba awulahle. Iziganeko zinokuphinda zidlalwe, ngoko ke isistim entsha ingakhiwa ngokuchasene nembali yeenyanga ezilishumi elinambini ezidlulileyo endaweni yokulinda idatha entsha ukuba iqokelele. Kwaye iziganeko zicwangciswa ngokwesitshixo, ngoko ke ulandelelwano lotshintsho kwirekhodi enye lufika ngokulandelelana okwenzeka ngalo, imowudi yokusilela eyonakalisa idatha ngokuthula kwintlanganiso yeefayile zebhetshi.
Umsebenzi ubukhulu becala yidesign, hayi iplumbing. Sichaza iziganeko zedomain, ischema yesiganeko ngasinye, imithetho yokuhambelana yokuzitshintsha, kunye nobunini besihloko ngasinye. Ukufumana okhu kuchanekileyo yeyona nto ithintela ilogi yeziganeko ukuba ingabi ngumngxuma ongenakulungiseka olandelayo.
Umaleko wokudityaniswa oqhutywa yi-AI
Xa iziganeko zihamba kumqolo omnye, amandla amabini ayasebenza angekho mfuneko yokwakha phezu kweekhonkco ezisuka kwindawo enye ziye kwenye.
Ukuhanjiswa kwedatha okuqikelelayo. Umaleko wokudityaniswa ufunda imilo eqhelekileyo yethrafikhi (zeziphi iziganeko ezifika nini, ngomthamo ongakanani, ngolandelelwano olunjani) kwaye uhanjisa okanye ubeka izinto eziphambili ngokufanelekileyo. Iziganeko zokuhlola ezihlala ziza phambi kokuvalwa kwenyanga zinokunikwa indawo phambi kokuba imali iyicele, kwaye ukunyuka okungaqhelekanga kunokuthunyelwa kwindlela ecothayo endaweni yokuthatha isistim esezantsi nayo.
Ukuhlolwa kokuthobela okuzenzekelayo. Sonke isiganeko esidlula kumqolo siyahlolwa. Imithetho isebenza ngokuqhubekayo: ulwazi lomntu olushiya umda ochaziweyo, irekhodi elitshintsha ngaphandle kwenkqubo evunyiweyo, ipateni yentengiso ehambelana nesiginesha sobuqhetseba, ifestile yokugcina idatha iphelelwa. Phantsi kwe-POPIA amandla okubonisa ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kulwazi lomntu, hayi nje ukukuvuma, lulawulo olufanele ukuba nalo, kwaye ilogi yeziganeko iyenza ibe ngumbuzo endaweni yeprojekthi.
Idatha kunye nohlalutyo. Lo mqolo mnye wenza ubukrelekrele beshishini busebenze. Endaweni yokuba ingxelo nganye ifikelele kwindawo yokugcina imveliso ngexesha layo, uhlalutyo lusebenzisa umsinga weziganeko, oku kuthetha inkcazo enye yokuba "iodolo" yintoni kwaye akukho mthwalo wokunika ingxelo kwiisistim ezisebenzayo.
Ukulungelelaniswa kwe-iPaaS kunye ne-MuleSoft kunye ne-Workato
Iziganeko zihambisa idatha. Ukulungelelaniswa kugqiba ukuba inkqubo yeshishini yenza ntoni ngayo, ngaluphi ulandelelwano, ngeziphi imvume, kwaye kwenzeka ntoni xa inyathelo lisilela. Kuloo maleko sisebenza nezixhobo ze-integration platform-as-a-service (i-MuleSoft kunye ne-Workato rhoqo) endaweni yokubhala inkqubo nganye njengokhowudi eyenzelwe wena.
Isizathu bubunini. Inkqubo ehlala kwiresiphi ye-iPaaS inokufundwa, ihlolwe kwaye itshintshwe rhoqo ngumhlalutyi oqonda umthetho weshishini, endaweni yokulinda emva kwesprinti sobunjineli. Imvume, ukuzama kwakhona, imigca yeempazamo, amanyathelo omntu okwikhuba kunye nokugcinwa kwezihlanganisi kuza neqonga.
Sithanda ukungabi ngumthengisi omnye ngabom. Liphi iqonga elifanelekileyo lixhomekeke kwimpahla: i-MuleSoft apho ulawulo lwe-API kunye nolawulo olufanelekileyo kwimpahla enkulu kuyinkxalabo ephambili, i-Workato apho ukuzenzekelayo komsebenzisi weshishini kunye nobubanzi bezihlanganisi ze-SaaS kubaluleke ngakumbi, kunye neenkonzo ezizodwa apho umthwalo usebenzayo umkhulu, unovakalelo kwixesha okanye ukhetheke kakhulu ukuba ungathethelela iindleko zelayisensi. Inxalenye yovavanyo kukukuxelela ukuba yeyiphi kwezi zintathu inkqubo ethile ifanele ukuba kuyo, kuquka iimeko apho impendulo enyanisekileyo kukuba awuyidingi iqonga konke konke.
Ukudityaniswa okukhokelwa yi-API
Phakathi komqolo weziganeko kunye nomaleko wokulungelelaniswa kukho umaleko we-API, oyilwe kwizigaba ezithathu: ii-API zenkqubo eziveza iqonga ngalinye elingaphantsi ngohlobo oluzinzileyo, ii-API zenkqubo ezizidibanisa zibe ngamandla eshishini, kunye nee-API zamava ezilungiselelwe umthengi othile njenge-app yefowuni okanye i-portal yeqabane. Le yipateni ekhokelwa yi-API, kwaye ixabiso layo kukuba ukutshintsha inkqubo engaphantsi kuthetha ukubhala kwakhona i-API enye yenkqubo endaweni yomthengi ngamnye owayichukumisayo.
Sihambisa njani
Umsebenzi wokudityaniswa usilela kakhulu ngolandelelwano kunobugcisa. Ulandelelwano olungezantsi lucetywe ngenjongo: qonda iziseko phambi kokuyila iziganeko, bonisa inkqubo enye kwimveliso phambi kokufudusa ezinye, kwaye unikezele ubunini phambi kokuba isivumelwano siphele endaweni yokuba emva koko.
Indlela isivumelwano sokudityaniswa esiqhuba ngayo
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1
Uvavanyo lwe-architecture (iiveki ezi-2–3)
Sidwelisa iinkqubo, ukudityaniswa osele kukho (kuquka okungabhalwanga phantsi), idatha ehambayo, kunye nomsebenzi wesandla ozalisa izikhewu. Isiphumo: umzobo wemeko yangoku, i-architecture ekujoliswe kuyo, kunye namanqaku okudityaniswa acwangciswe ngokwendleko awayithwalayo namhlanje.
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2
Uyilo lwesiganeko nesivumelwano
Sichaza iziganeko zomxholo, iiskema zazo, imithetho yokuhambelana kunye nobunini besihloko phambi kokuba kubhalwe naluphi na ikhowudi. Eli linyathelo elidla ngokutsityelwa, kwaye ukulitsiba yindlela imiqolo yeziganeko iba ngenakugcinwa njengomxokomezelo wendawo-ukuya-kwenye eyawubuyiselayo.
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3
Isilayi sokuqala kwimveliso
Inkqubo yeshishini enye yokwenene isebenza ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni, nokubeka esweni nokubuyisela umva. Isilayi esimxinwa kwimveliso sikuxelela okungakumbi ngelifa lakho kunesigaba soyilo seenyanga ezintandathu, kwaye sinika ishishini into yokugweba phambi kokuzibophelela ngakumbi.
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4
Ukufuduka kwe-strangler
Ukudityaniswa okukhoyo kudlulela kumqolo omnye ngexesha, nganye ngendlela endala isafumaneka de leyo intsha isebenze icocekile kuwo wonke umjikelo weshishini. Akukho nto icinyiweyo ngomhla; izinto zicinywa xa endaweni yazo zizingqinile.
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Ulawulo nenkonzo yokuzenzela
Iinkqubo zeshishini zidlulela kwileya ye-iPaaS, nabantu abanenkqubo nganye beqeqeshelwe ukutshintsha imisebenzi yabo. Umlinganiselo wempumelelo kukuba iqela lakho liyeke ukusidinga kutshintsho oluqhelekileyo.
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Ukunikezela nokusebenza
Iincwadi zokusebenza, uvimba weskema, iidashboard zokubeka esweni kunye nenkqubo yokubizwa zidluliselwa kwiqela lakho, okanye siqhuba umqolo phantsi kwenqanaba lenkonzo elivunyelweneyo. Zombini ziyafumaneka; akukho nanye eqingqiweyo.
Imibuzo yokudityaniswa
Simele siyibuyisele nini i-enterprise service bus nge-architecture eqhutywa ziziganeko?
Xa utshintsho lulinda emgceni. Iimpawu zobugcisa yayintlaziyo yelayisenisi ongenakuyithethelela, ukuroutha kunye nengqiqo yeshishini ehlala kuphela kulungelelwaniso lomthengisi, kunye neqela lokudityaniswa eliye laba yingxinano kuwo onke amanye amaqela. Uphawu lorhwebo lulula: ukuba ukongeza inkqubo kuthatha iinyanga kuneeveki, i-bus ibiza ngaphezu kokuba igcina. Ukufuduka kwenziwa ngamanqanaba: i-bus iyaqhubeka isebenza ngeli xesha iinkqubo zisuka kuyo enye ngexesha.
Ngaba nisebenzisa i-MuleSoft, i-Workato, okanye nakha ukudityaniswa okulungiselelweyo?
Zontathu, zikhethwe ngomthwalo womsebenzi. I-MuleSoft apho ulawulo lwe-API nolawulo kulo lonke ilifa elikhulu kuyinto ephambili. I-Workato apho ukwenza ngokuzenzekelayo komsebenzisi-shishini nobubanzi besidibanisi se-SaaS kubaluleke ngakumbi. Iinkonzo ezilungiselelweyo apho ubungakanani, ukulibaziseka okanye ukuthile kwenza indleko yelayisenisi ingenakuthethelelwa. Ukugqiba ukuba yeyiphi yinxalenye yovavanyo, kwaye siya kukuxelela xa impendulo ithi akukho platform ifunekayo.
Kudala kangakanani phambi kokuba ukudityaniswa kokuqala kusebenze kwimveliso?
Uvavanyo lwe-architecture luthatha iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Isilayi sokuqala semveliso, inkqubo enye yeshishini yokwenene, ejongiweyo, enokubuyiselwa umva, ngokuqhelekileyo silandela kwiiveki ezine ukuya kwezisibhozo zovavanyo, kuxhomekeke kufikelelo olungakanani kwiinkqubo zomthombo olufumanekayo nokuba idatha yazo icoceke kangakanani. Ukufuduka okupheleleyo kwi-bus ekhoyo kumele ngeekota, kwaye kuqhuba ecaleni kwendlela endala kunokuba kuyibuyisele ngomhla.
Niyiphatha njani i-POPIA nokuhlala kwedatha kukudityaniswa?
Ulwazi lomntu luhlelwa ngexesha loyilo lwesiganeko, hayi emva. Iziganeko eziphethe idatha yobuqu ziphawulwa, abasebenzisi bazo bayabalwa, iifestile zokugcina zibekelwa isihloko ngasinye, kwaye imithetho isebenza rhoqo ukuphawula ulwazi lomntu olunqumla umda ekungafanele lunqumle. Apho ukuhlala kufunekayo, umqolo nendawo yokugcina yawo yendlaliswa kwingingqi. Ilog yesiganeko ikwasebenza njengobungqina obucelwa ngumlawuli okanye umphicothi-zincwadi.
Kwenzeka ntoni kukudityaniswa esele sinako?
Ziyaqhubeka zisebenza. Ukufuduka kulandela ipatheni ye-strangler: ukudityaniswa ngakunye okukhoyo kudlulela kumqolo ngokwahlukileyo, ngendlela endala isebenza de entsha igqibe umjikelo opheleleyo weshishini ngaphandle kokwahluka. Ukudityaniswa okungabhalwanga phantsi kudweliswa ngexesha lovavanyo, oluhlala luluhlu lokuqala olupheleleyo umbutho oye wanalo.
Ngaba abaphuhlisi bethu banokusebenza kwileya yokudityaniswa?
Ewe, kwaye leyo yimeko yokugqibela ekujoliswe kuyo. Ubunini besihloko, ulawulo lweskema kunye nophuhliso lomsebenzisi kuyilelwe ukunikezelwa kumaqela anomxholo ngamnye. Siqhuba izilayi zokuqala, sibambisane kwelilandelayo, kwaye sinikezele iincwadi zokusebenza, uvimba weskema nokubeka esweni. Ukusigcina kusebenza emva koko lolunye ukhetho, hayi ukuxhomekeka.
Bhukisha uvavanyo lokudityaniswa
Iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu, ziphela ngomzobo wemeko yangoku, i-architecture ekujoliswe kuyo kunye noluhlu olucwangcisiweyo lwamanqanaba okudityaniswa akubiza kakhulu.
Qala uvavanyo